Thanks for the detailed answer, that makes more sense! So it all comes down to the controller and how much padding it needs to make sure it has the right pixels in the right area of the screen. Depending on the speed/sensitivity of the controller, it determines how much extra padding or bandwidth is used to make the same picture. That makes sense on a CRT due to the physical limitation of an electron gun only being able to move so fast. I’m surprised that some modern day controller chips would need so much extra padding!