The examples being lets say BMW E46 M3 and the new BMW G80 M3. The E46 has a 3.2 i6 NA that makes 338hp, the G80 M3 has a 3.0 i6 twin turbo that makes 510hp.
What technological advancements have been made, other than the turbos and 20 years, that separate these 2 cars?
If you know something really technical feel free to share.
Head design is a big one. Look at a fox body Mustang 5.0 and a current 5.0 ; DOHC, variable cam phasing, and direct injection. Put sophisticated intake manifolds on there (which go back to the 80s as a widely available tech) and you get a lot more power, when you consider things like the higher compression ratios the tech enables.